Security Management ( Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Security Management ( - Essay Example All things considered a total security picture has been painted through this report. Security in the present situation of ever-evolving geo-political circumstance is the significant argument of any prominent occasion. This is because of the idea of harm any security slips acquire such an occasion, both budgetary and good. The report depicts a definite understanding of security courses of action made for a prominent occasion. The occasion being talked about is a family celebration in the capital of a little yet significant nation named Pakistan. The celebration, happens just before Christmas, numerous dignitaries including the individuals from the American mollify are welcomed. Consequently the requirement for most extreme security plans has been felt and a group of security advisors have been brought in from the U.S.A. The detail of the occasion alongside the security game plans made to handle any sort of a possibility has been chalked out in this report. Additionally, highlights like VIP development and different variables have been featured. With everything taken i nto account, this report diagrams all the measures that have been taken for the smooth running of this family occasion, which happens in a nation where the security conditions are not perfect. Prior to going to the real courses of action, it is critical to know the gravity of the circumstance and the sort of the occasion that must be taken care of. At exactly that point one can comprehend the requirement for security estimations required at the setting. As quickly expressed previously, it is a jamboree for Christian families living in the government capital of Pakistan. As Pakistan is a Muslim nation, this isn't a Christmas season and thusly ordinary life schedules are not ended for Christmas. This celebration is a welcome just occasion with numerous VIPs on the visitor like the envoys of U.K and U.S. Since the welcomes have been sent as of now, the personal investigation on all the visitors has been completed utilizing the assistance of nearby law upholding offices. Any

The process of growth and thus there is no optimum size of firm Essay

The procedure of development and in this way there is no ideal size of firm - Essay Example The financial hypothesis has confidence in the reason that an association would exponentially increment fit as a fiddle if its development and advancement systems are in accordance with its necessities and wants over the long haul. This infers the discussion that the procedure of development is basically connected with its prosperity, both inside the transient condition just as over the long haul plan of things (Napach 1998). It is effectively deducible from the said point of view that there is no ideal size of the firm yet it is a relative issue regardless. The emphasis must stay on the way in which the firm if developing to make it sound as large instead of passing by the sheer size. The global and local settings of the firm are critical to comprehend in light of the fact that this is an indication of extension and development which are truly calculable inside the main part of things. Along these lines the contention that the procedure of development is connected with the firm as far as its extension and improvement appears to be substantial yet without its ideal size simultaneously. This is on the grounds that organizations like to connect their own selves with the developing requests of the business as opposed to opening up workplaces which are neither sensible nor controllable. There is a critical need to fathom that a firm will possibly develop in the event that it needs to develop from its own underlying foundations, as opposed to betting on domains which are unimportant for its own premise. Size is along these lines a side-effect of a firm’s development and is simply a question of the measurements which are available inside the setting of the firm itself. These are hailed as unimportant and have no job at all in its development and improvement systems (Penrose 1995). The contention appears to be coherent on the grounds that a firm would just rely upon its assets to get it to a position where it was never a piece of, as opposed to relying a lot upon the angles which would expand its size, which is not yet clear as a significant power to deal with in the evolving

Why and How to Raise Your Self Esteem for Stress Relief

Why and How to Raise Your Self Esteem for Stress Relief Stress Management Management Techniques Print Raising Your Self Esteem for Stress Relief By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on August 18, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living  Tim Robberts / Getty Images The way you feel about yourself, your self-esteem impacts your happiness level  and also can make life more or less stressful for you. For example, if you trust your ability to handle what comes, you will be more likely to see difficult situations as a challenge instead of as a threat; conversely, if you don’t trust your own ability to handle things, you will be more likely to see new situations as threatening and stress-provoking. Self-efficacy is the feeling that you are capable and resourceful, and this can contribute both to self-esteem and stress management. There are several things you can do to raise your self-esteem and self-efficacy that are also highly effective stress relievers. This can work in multiple ways to help you feel more in control of your life and build resilience.  It can also help you to enjoy your life more. If you feel that your self-esteem could use a boost, these are the activities to try. See what resonates with you, and give them a try. Work on Your Optimism If you are able to develop the ability to see the glass as half-full, this can contribute to feelings of self-efficacy as well as overall happiness and peace of mind.  Moreover, there are many proven benefits to optimism, so developing a greater sense of it, creating thinking habits that skew toward optimism, can provide these benefits for your health and general happiness.  Optimism involves more than simply looking on the bright side, however; it is a trait that can be developed by shifting your focus and self-talk, but there need to be specific ways in which you view the world.  Learn more about how to become an optimistic thinker. Develop Positive Self-Talk One thing that has a major influence on a person’s self-esteem is their self-talk, the way they talk to themselves, interpret things and comment on life inside their heads. A thinking style that is habitually negative can perpetuate a negative view of one’s life and self, as well as cause other problems. The following resources can help you to better understand your self-talk and alter it to a more positive way of thinking, helping you to see yourself and the world in a more positive way. Quiz: Are You An Optimist?Your thoughts color your world and your perception of yourself. Learn how positive or negative yours are!Negative Self Talk and StressSelf-talk is the internal dialogue we use to view the world, explain situations and communicate to ourselves, and the type of self-talk you useâ€"negative self-talk or positive self-talkâ€"can affect the level of stress you experience. Learn why, and find resources for change.Positive Self TalkNegative self-talk can limit you, increase your stress level, and adversely affect your self-concept. Here are some ways you can stop negative self-talk from damaging you, and reduce stress and improve your life by developing the habit of positive self-talk. Try New Challenges Even simply becoming immersed in hobbies can help with self-esteem  Learning what you are able to do well can provide you with a new view of yourself and a new level of self-respect.  Hobbies can also help you to relieve  stress, so hobbies can provide a double-win. Stay Away From Toxic People We can all feel negative from time to time, but some friends can tear you down instead of building you up, and those people can wear away at your self-esteem more than you may realize.  Learning to identify and create boundaries with those who drain us of our self-esteem can help.  Identifying and cultivating relationships with more supportive friends can build us up immensely as well. Help yourself cultivate the social life you deserve.

1.Is There A Link Between Learning And Behaviour How Might

1. Is there a link between learning and behaviour? How might it be explained? ‘Learning’ is typically used everyday all over the world, especially in education. However, within the field of educational psychology, ‘learning’ is actually refered to as a specific term. According to educational psychologist, there are many different types of learning. Some examples are, observational learning also refered to as natural learning; where the ‘student’ simply learns how to do things such as walk and talk through observing others in their environment. Cognitive learning; which typically does not involve any behaviours or physical motions, however is the process by which one learns through active thought processes which can later influence†¦show more content†¦physiological responses) and only indirectly measurable; behviours are physical events that occur in the body and are controlled by the brain’. This suggests that behaviour may be refered to as simple actions in response to both physical and psychological nee ds. Therefore, human behaviour generally speaking is the term used to describe an individuals actions. Understanding human behaviour in education is vital, as it is seen as the ‘total response’ of a person, and can be used to determine how well a student is or is not learning. Understanding knowledge and the way it is processed allows for teachers to create teaching strategies to deliver their content matching theoretical frameworks that underpin how knowledge is developed. There are many underpinnings on how knowledge is developed and these are significant to the conceptual frameworks known as learning theories. Learning theories can be used effectively to improve the quality of learning through enhacing teachers abilities to improve their practice (McLeod Golby, 2003). Bandura (1986), Vygotsky (1986), Skinner (1974), and Piaget (1974), are all theorist that have offered insight into how individuals process learning. For the purpose of this essay, the differences between the Constructivists and Behaviourist will be discussed in aims to highlight the direct links between learning and behaviour. The constructivist theorist such as Vygotsky (1986) and Piaget(1976) as well as others, saw theShow MoreRelatedExplain Different Concepts1726 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Theorist of development: A. Cognitive (Piaget) Cognitive theories of development look at how thought processes and mental operations influence growth and change. Cognitive theory is looking at the development of a person s thought processes. It also looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world. One theorist and cognitive thinker was Jean Piaget, who gave an idea about how we think about child development. This is that children think differently than adultsRead MoreSummary of a New Board Game for Children Essay839 Words   |  4 Pagescatered for children between the ages of 6 – 15 years. The main objective of this board game is to test the children’s knowledge mainly on four (4) different categories which are General Knowledge, Food, Language and Entertainment. Their ability will be tested in answering the questions raised while playing the board game. The children will need to answer the questions based on the position that they have landed. In order to play this game, the children will need 2 playing board, 1 nine sided dice,Read MoreWorking With Children And Young People1748 Words   |  7 PagesPeople in a Residential Care Setting 1 Understand the legal, policy, rights and theoretical framework for residential care for children and young people 1.1 Explain Current theoretical approaches to residential provision for children and young people: Attachment theory – a model of psychology that tries to how long-term and short-term interpersonal relationships between people develop. Separation/Loss theory tries to explain the insecure attachment behaviour. Concept of corporate parent. 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Different theories about early childhood inform approaches to learning and development. â€Å" Early childhood educators draw upon a range of perspectives in their work †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (EYLF p.11). In this essay there will be three learning theories explained; behavioural views of learning, motivation and E ngagement constructivism and humanist approach to learning. The viewpointsRead MoreThe Human Body And Mind1350 Words   |  6 Pages(Currentnursing.com, 2013). There is however, a link between the physical and emotional effects on a patient. A significant negative emotional shift within an individual who previously had a balanced life may cause risks to their wellbeing and their anxiety to be heightened. A large emotional stress can lead to self-harm, and physical stress can lead to emotional exhaustion. Managing emotional responses for any individual proves a challenge as they might not be aware to the extent that they are affectedRead MoreYouth Crime And Domestic Violence Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesto data from the Ministry of Justice (2015) the numbers of children between the ages of ten to thirteen and young people between the ages of fourteen and sixteen who are charged in court is lowest in over two decades. Nonetheless, the members of the public believe that youth offen ding is out of control and a major problem for the nation. According to the Fagan (2005), there is a link between adolescent criminalistics behaviour and domestic abuse. Children who have faced physical abuse at a youngRead MoreTheories Of Developmental Psychology : Attachment Theory1178 Words   |  5 Pagesclose proximity to the attachment figure as she is considered the secure base and the infant would become distressed on separation. Proximity gives the feeling of closeness, relief and of being safe and that sustenance can be provided. Attachment behaviour is promoted by social releases for example; a baby crying; cooing, winning, these are all necessary instincts for survival. This type of attachment is innate and involves both the infant and care giver. The infant would also have a tendency to attachRead MoreThe Strengths Of Labelling Theory And Differential Association Theory1703 Words   |  7 PagesTheory can explain the factor of low socioeconomic status while Differential Association Theory can explain how the factor of family as reasons why some youth join gangs. This paper compares the relative strengths and weaknesses of Differential Association theory and Labelling theory and I argue that Labelling Theory offers the most compelling theoretical perspective to help account for how these factors influence youth to join gangs. I also argue that unlike the other two theories, a Marxist approachRead MoreImportant Sociological Concepts1078 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Title Page What is an Organization? How I Intend to Broaden My Accountants Perspective Through Sociology Thesis Statement Even though a well-informed person might question why the study of sociology is related to my chosen field as an accountant I know how valuable the study of sociology is with regards to the attention to detail and person-to-person human interactions I am committed to in my field. There are important links between working with financial data and interacting as a team

Paris in the 1920’s †“The Lost Generation” Essay

Paris in the 1920’s – â€Å"The Lost Generation† Between the end of the First World War and Hitlers seizure of power a cultural explosion occurred in Paris that altered our notions of art and reality and shaped our way of viewing the world ever since. In the 1920s, Paris became the undisputed international capital of pleasure and was regarded as the cultural and artistic center of Europe with a reputation for staging one of its most glamorous eras, as well as some of the most spectacular revues in the world. Imagine for a moment, that it really is 1920s Paris. You are leisurely strolling through the gas lit promenades. World War I is over and the exuberance of jazz musicians, symbolist painters, and American expatriates†¦show more content†¦By the end of the decade, statistics revealed that there were as many as thirty thousand artists in Paris alone. The â€Å"Lost Generation† is essentially a term that is used to describe the young adults of the 1920’s who were changing with the times and rebelling against what America had become after the war. They populated areas like Paris and London where they expected to find literary freedom and a cosmopolitan way of life. The â€Å"Lost Generation of American writers and poets left America, seeking refuge from the broken culture and devastation that had come from the war, and ended up in Paris, a city that had a thriving art culture where they could write freely and lavish in the Bohemian lifestyle without rules. They drank, traveled, had love affairs, and wrote. They were influenced by the paintings of artists like Dada and Picasso and collected their works, as well as socialized with them. They critiqued each other’s writing and often met in bookstores, cafà ©s, and bars to talk about their works and life in general. They had mostly upper-middle-class upbringi ngs and were sustained in hard times by their parents fortunes. They chose to come to Paris to seek artistic fulfillment and ended up writing what is possibly considered some of the best fiction of the 20th century. It was the time when writers, painters, musicians, and composers went to Paris to work andShow MoreRelated Parallels Between The Sun Also Rises by Hemingway and The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald 1064 Words   |  5 PagesParallels Between The Sun Also Rises by Hemingway and The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the decade of the 1920s, America was going through many changes, evolving from the Victorian Period to the Jazz Age. Changing with the times, the young adults of the 1920s were considered the Lost Generation. The Great War was over in 1918. Men who returned from the war had the scars of war imprinted in their minds. The eighteenth amendment was ratified in 1919 which prohibitedRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway Introduction Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises is a classic work of American prose, and is essential to understanding the social climate of the 1920’s, and the â€Å"Lost Generation†. Hemingway’s motley cast of star-crossed lovers, rabble-rousers, expatriates, gamblers, and burgeoning alcoholics reflect the excitement, loneliness, and disillusionment experienced by Hemingway and his contemporaries. In addition, the post-war angst of young people of the time isRead MoreThe Counter Culture of the 1920s Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe counter culture of the 1920’s has affected the way the American lifestyle is today. Counter culture is a culture that primarily consists of younger people, with values and lifestyles opposing those of the original established culture. (Dictionary.com) A need for change. The 1920’s are also known as the â€Å"Jazz Age,† which was coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the â€Å"Roaring Twenties.† It was a d ecade of change. (Hakim, 41) The counterculture of the 1920’s resulted from the Age of Jazz, FlappersRead MoreThe Story Of The Lost Generation1661 Words   |  7 Pages Brodie Wiener PIB LA 10 Period 3 Hensley 3 April 2015 The Story of the Lost Generation Living an spontaneous, carefree life like the characters in The Sun Also Rises do sounds like fun but it isn t what it seems. Ernest Hemingway writes a piece of literature that when looked upon through a new historicist critical perspective exposes the underlying truth and an uglier reality that is normally suppressed presents itself. New historicist criticism in a nutshell is arguing that the literature isRead MoreTaking a Look at the Jazz Age1600 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å" People became less conservative and wanted more to just have a good time.†(The Roaring 20s: The Jazz Age - History For Dummies) After the end of the war, Americans were more relaxed and wanted to live freely. This is evident through many new ideas and feeling among the citizens of the U.S. One of these new ideas was bootlegging, which led to the formation of speakeasies. Prohibition began in 1920, which banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors. Speakeasy is anRead MoreErn est Hemingway s The Sun942 Words   |  4 Pagessparked his love for writing. He wrote for the school paper The Trapeze, as well as the yearbook, The Tabula. His style of writing seemed to imitate that of a sports writer (Wikipedia 2). Hemingway’s writing was often inspired by the post World War 1 Generation. As a young man, he responded to a recruitment effort to help the war in Kansas City. He then became an ambulance driver in Italy. His military experiences took part in forming his writing as a whole. One event that traumatized Hemingway was theRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Earnest Hemingway1193 Words   |  5 PagesHemingway, there are two main settings: France and Spain. The novel begins in Paris, France with the narrator and protagonist, Jake Barnes lives and immerses himself in his journalism. Paris is known to be a place of great beauty, and was a common place for many writers to reside in the 1920’s. This initial setting of Paris served to contrast the excitement and beauty yet corruption and uneasiness that is the enigma of Paris. This is where Jake lives, he frequents bars and parallels his author HemingwayRead MoreAmerican Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesSide of Paradise (1920). It was perfect literary timing. After flunking out of Princeton and joining the army, Fitzgerald began writing his first novel, ‘This Side of Paradise’, for fear that he would be killed in the Great War for which he was never deployed. He struggled to produce anything anybody was interested in publishing; however, while stationed outside of Montgomery, Alabama, Fitzgerald fell in love with Zelda Sayre, the daughter of a state supreme court judge. Fitzgerald s financial situationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lost Generation1411 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"You are all a lost generation†, said Gertrude Stein to Ernest Hemingway in a casual conversation in Paris. The phrase then came to characterize an entire post-war generation of the 1920’s which sets the premise of Hemingway’s iconic novel, The Sun Also Rises. After World War I, society quickly began questioning their traditional ideas of justice, faith and morality. The men and women affected by the aftermath of the war became physically, psychologically, and morally lost. This group of people wasRead More Lost Generation in Hemingways The Sun Also Rises Essay example1515 Words   |  7 PagesLost Generation in Hemingways The Sun Also Rises      Ã‚   In the words of Herbert Hoover, Older men declare war. But it is youth that must fight and die. And it is youth who must inherit the tribulation, the sorrow and the triumphs that are the aftermath. War disfigures and tears away precious lives. Its horrors embed themselves like an infectious disease in the minds of the survivors, who, when left to salvage the pieces of their former existences, are brushed into obscurity by the individuals

The “math wars” Free Essays

string(89) " of generic drug products on the market have expanded exponentially† \(Coster, John M\." Aside from the requisites of drug manufacturing, a drug company must also have the knowledge on the legal aspect of the pharmaceutical business. A company must be able to know what agencies of the government he has to seek advice from before it undergoes the manufacturing process in order to have a good start. Relative to this, the company needs to know which regulates the safety and efficacy of the drugs to be manufactured and which agency protects the rights of the manufacturer and the consumers against illicit drugs. We will write a custom essay sample on The â€Å"math wars† or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will discuss the basic responsibilities of the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Agency including the approval process of manufacturing a generic drug copy. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is generally responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of all drugs for human and veterinary use. FDA’s 1mission statement specifically states that the administration â€Å"is responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation. † This will then give us the idea why FDA need to regulate drugs, and that is to ensure that they are safe and effective. The administration is also held responsible for ensuring that the drugs have information that is honest and accurate for the general public to use. The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) (Drug Enforcement Administration for the United States) is primarily responsible for the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Laws and Regulations. In the United States, DEA is under the wing of the Department of Justice, where it serves as an arm of the justice against the 2those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United States. The DEA’s drugs of concern include: Cocaine, marijuana, heroin, inhalants, LSD, Ecstasy, Steroids, Oxycontin and Methamphetamine. The following list of specific responsibilities is adopted by this writer from the DEA’s official website: Investigation and preparation for the prosecution of major violators of controlled substance laws operating at interstate and international levels. Investigation and preparation for prosecution of criminals and drug gangs who perpetrate violence in our communities and terrorize citizens through fear and intimidation. Management of a national drug intelligence program in cooperation with federal, state, local, and foreign officials to collect, analyze, and disseminate strategic and operational drug intelligence information. Seizure and forfeiture of assets derived from, traceable to, or intended to be used for illicit drug trafficking. Enforcement of the provisions of the Controlled Substances Act as they pertain to the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of legally produced controlled substances. Coordination and cooperation with federal, state and local law enforcement officials on mutual drug enforcement efforts and enhancement of such efforts through exploitation of potential interstate and international investigations beyond local or limited federal jurisdictions and resources. Coordination and cooperation with federal, state, and local agencies, and with foreign governments, in programs designed to reduce the availability of illicit abuse-type drugs on the United States market through nonenforcement methods such as crop eradication, crop substitution, and training of foreign officials. Responsibility, under the policy guidance of the Secretary of State and U. S. Ambassadors, for all programs associated with drug law enforcement counterparts in foreign countries. Liaison with the United Nations, Interpol, and other organizations on matters relating to international drug control programs. DEA’S PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONS Drug Enforcement Agency also updates its programs and operations according to the demand of technology and the development of new methods of illicit drug operations. Recent report published in the KT4 Online alerted the public on the emergence of illegal websites that are bringing prescription drugs out into the market (KT4 Online, August 24, 2007). The DEA reported that such websites are able to market their products using just credit cards as payment modes. The agency now referred the so-called â€Å"rogue pharmacies† to the congress for the legislation of a more formidable law for such illegal and dangerous activities, which are regulated because such companies do not meet the standards set by the United States. Even medicinal or herbal plants that are not yet studied or regulated under the law is also under the responsibility of the DEA to study and made research relative to its danger in the human health. In Utah, a native plant called salvia divinorium, has been put into attention by the Hill Air Force Base which according to initial findings can cause hallucinations. In the report published in the Salt Lake Tribune, â€Å"magic mint† as its street name, is ingested or inhaled usually by the members of the military and the people inside the base (Salt Lake Tribune, August 20, 2007). The herbal plant is still legal as it is still under research by the DEA. Experts also say that the plant that grows in the wilds of Utah can cause lung irritation when its dried leaves are inhaled. LAWS AND POLICIES GOVERNING GENERIC DRUGS The regulations pertaining to generics drugs are under the responsibility of the Food and Drug Administration. Under the law, pharmaceutical companies or drug manufacturers have all the right to apply for a generic copy of their branded drugs. It can also be that a manufacturer seeks for a license from the brand name company to make a generic copy of the branded product. A generic copy of the drug is called â€Å"authorized generics† because the branded product manufacturer had given the authority to the manufacturer of the generic drug copy. However, these generic copied have to undergo the legal process that is regulated by the FDA. It is the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly referred to as the Waxman-Hatch Act, which is being used as a legal basis for FDA for regulating generic drug copies. â€Å"Since the law was enacted over 23 years ago, the number of generic manufacturers and number of generic drug products on the market have expanded exponentially† (Coster, John M. You read "The â€Å"math wars†" in category "Papers" 2007). The law allows a generic drug that is a generic copy of the pioneer drug to be approved by FDA to be marketed by the same company. This is even without the submission of the usual New Drug Application (NDA) that is submitted in full when a branded product is being applied for marketing. The NDA is usually a time-consuming and expensive clinical trials required to be done by the drug manufacturer in order to comply with the safety and efficacy standards required of them. With the Waxman-Hatch Act, NDA is being replaced with the submission of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) provided that the generic copy has demonstrated the fact that it is bioequivalent to the pioneer drug (J. Coster, The Pharmacist, Vol. 32, No. 6, 2007). This process allows the generic copy to be approved for marketing the easier and faster way because it does not to prove its safety and effectiveness through trials since the pioneer drug had already proven such. For the ANDA of the generic drug to be approved, its pioneer drug must have the four required certifications: (1) that no patent is listed for the pioneer drug; (2) that the patent has expired; (3) the date on which the patent will expire; or (4) that the patent is invalid or not infringed. Such information is listed in the FDA’s Orange Book, a reference for the pharmacists in determining the interchangeability of the drugs. Just recently, the Waxman-Hatch Act has been replaced with 3McCain-Schumer Act, after its authors Senators John McCain and Charles E. Schumer. The main feature of the new act is the changing of the 180-day exclusivity term of the first generic drug copy to only the 30-day term. Exclusivity, in the old law is granted for the manufacturer of the generic drug to market the product exclusively within 180 days that is for the manufacturer who first secured the FDA’s approval of the generic copy. With the new law, exclusivity term is shortened for the purpose of further price reduction of the generic drugs as competition is encouraged after the 30-day term. It is estimated, according to Schumer’s study that the new law will enable consumers to save 60% of their usual expense when buying branded drugs and that will give consumers a total of $71 billion savings in 10 years (Bash, Dana, CNN Online, May 01, 2001). Schumer cited Claritin, a prescription allergy drug as example which costs an average of $63. 65 while its generic equivalent will only cost $25. 46. Generally, the new law is of great help for the Americans in terms of their medical expenditures. CONCLUSION By looking into the basic responsibilities and functions of the FDA and DEA, we were able to have an idea of the basic legal aspect of drug manufacturing and marketing. Also by having an overview of the laws governing generic copy manufacturing, we were able to have the basic knowledge of how the approval process rolls. In general we can conclude that the legal process of drug manufacturing and marketing is really a long and expensive process for the companies especially for the branded or patented drugs. However with the Schumer-McCain Act, the process is shortened and had benefited especially the consumers for enabling the cheaper version of their branded medicine to be marketed. REFERENCES 1FDAs Mission Statement. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. fda. gov/opacom/morechoices/mission. html 2DEA Mission Statement. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. usdoj. gov/dea/agency/mission. htm 3Senate Passes Ground-Breaking Schumer-McCain Generic Drug Bill (Press Release). July 31, 2002. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://schumer. senate. gov/SchumerWebsite/pressroom/press_releases/PR01124. html Bash, Dana. McCain, Schumer introduce generic drug bill. CNN Online. May 01, 2001. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://archives. cnn. com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/05/01/senate. genericdrugs/index. html Coster, John M. The Waxman-Hatch Generic Drug Law: 23 Years Later. The Pharmacist. June 19, 2007. Vol. 32 No. 6 Griffith, Christopher, et. al. (2002). View from Washington: Senate approves changes in generic-drug approval. Leydig, Voit Mayer, Ltd. Report. October 2002. Volume 3 Issue 4 Colonel bans use of ‘magic mint’ herb. Salt Lake Tribune. August 20, 2007. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. sltrib. com/News/ci_6668009 Federal Authorities Warn Against Online Rogue Pharmacies. KT4 Online. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. ktiv. com/News/index. php? ID=16295 What FDA Regulates. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. fda. gov/comments/regs. html There has always been a debate on whether the mathematics be taught should be the old basics or the standards reformed mathematics. Basic mathematics primarily comprises arithmetic and computation. This is just simple mathematics which involves solving simple equation and memorizing formulas. Basic mathematic also comprises the following list t o f items. There is the accurate counting to 100 or more, mastery of basic facts for all four operations, pencil and paper computation skills with hole numbers, decimals and fractions and solving percent problems. Other aspect includes the knowing and using formulas for area and perimeter of basic shapes. Though the above list is a bit simplified its basic position is that kids only get to know some basic stuff. Basic mathematics can also be referred to as trivial pursuit mathematics meaning that children are to know the content not the practicability (John, 1999). On the other hand reform mathematics has higher level of difficulty and has set five goals. These are that students should value mathematics, be confident in the ability to do mathematics and become mathematics problem solvers. They should as well be able to communicate well mathematically and learn to reason mathematically. It involves the four basic process standards which are problem solving, communication, reasoning, and connections. It entails gearing the children to develop the ability to think than just memorizing the mathematics concepts. Those who believe in the reform mathematics talk about mathematical power, the ability to reason and solve unique problems (John, 1999). It is important to note that even if the two approaches appear to differ there are some things they share in. Benefits and demerits of basics Basic mathematics requires teacher centered approach which involves teaching the mathematics through drill and practice. However in this way the children can end up not being intrinsically motivated. This prevents them from learning mathematics facts and how to connect to the real world. Furthermore the approach is essentially teacher directed, and structured only for basic skills instructions. This approach comes with advantages and disadvantages as far as basic mathematics teaching is concerned. One of the advantages is that, it is clear that for learning to be effective there must be a knowledge source and this is what the teacher act as. The teachers have attained their unifications and expertise from colleges and universities to become experts in their fields. In this reasoning it’s convenient to involve to someone who is already an expertise in the field to impart that knowledge in the students. For example according to Kelly, if the students have a question on atopic raised by the text book, the teacher is present ton as the expert to answer the question (Kelly, 2004). Other benefits include good planning and execution of knowledge passing process and good discipline. The disadvantage of this style is that no one can predict which parts of the information the student has learned will eventually become obsolete or incorrect, what the student will forget, or what new information he will need to know in the future (Howard, 1980). Furthermore according to Howard in some cases the students can obtain a false security if they believe that, once information ins dispensed and a cognitive framework provide the student will incorporate the information, recognize where and when it could and should be applied when time comes. One great disadvantages of this method is that a strong investment in the style can lead to rigid, standardized, and less flexible ways of managing students and their concerns (Howard, 1908). This acts as huge impediment to development and self discovery within the student. This huge impediment has been seen as the greatest drawback for this style of administering knowledge. The benefits and demerits of reform mathematics style According the student center online answers, the best approach of teaching mathematics should stress active, student centered learning in real life context (student center). This may help in making the concepts more understandable and interesting. This therefore calls for the student knowing the crafts before they can apply them and that is where the basic mathematics comes handy. The reform mathematics takes the student centered approach of learning. This involves instructions where by the students actively create knowledge for themselves. It consists of group learning, inquiry, and humanistic learning activities (student center). This method has additional advantages both to the student and the teacher some which are enlisted below. To begin with the student would develop learning and knowledge that will help them throughout their life. In this method students always discover that learning is fun and interesting. Furthermore, through this method teachers always have less traditional work. This is more prominent in the upper class levels where the students are mature enough. The student gets to be more attentive and willing to participate in the class activities. In this way there is a reduction in the number of complaints about fairness and unequal treatment. When student carry out research and group works they generate a lot of information that the teacher may add to his collection of information. However this method also comes with some disadvantages. It poses a problem when it comes to evaluation in that this has to be individualized. Providing one test for the whole class has to be abandoned. Every student has to be evaluated based on his or her goals. One other big disadvantage of this method is that there some student who do not relate well with it in spite the teachers best efforts. Such scenario is always more prevalent in the lower classes levels even though it can also be found in the upper classes. The other demerit is that the students’ always have to work in groups. There occur complaints about being put in teams. However the complaints get to seize as the student get to understand that it is what the real world is like. Under some circumstances student may find it hard to work in teams since most of them have never had the experience of team work. Conclusion It is important to note for the reformed mathematics, the fact that it takes the student centered learning method gives it an upper hand as method of teaching mathematics. In fact students do appreciate the real world experience eve when they do not like them that much (daymalyn, 2009). This is therefore more appropriate and practical than the basics math which would d lead to rigidity and less development of the kids as well as new advancement in the mathematics fields. References Howard S Robyn M. (1980), Problem Based Learning: An Approach to Medical Education, Springer Publishing Company, ISBN 0826128416, 9780826128416. Daymalyn (2009), Disadvantages and disadvantages of student center learning, Accessed on August 7, 2010, from http://wwwemmalynombayan-daymalyn. blogspot. com/2009/09/advantages-and- disadvantages-of-student. html John A. (1999), Reform Mathematics Vs. The Basics: Understanding the Conflict and Dealing with It Accessed on August 7, 2010 from http://mathematicallysane. com/analysis/reformvsbasics. asp Kelly K. (2004), the â€Å"Math Wars†, a Short Analysis, Accessed on August 7, 2010 from http://www. newfoundations. com/ConAnalysis/KellyMathWars. html Student center, Accessed on August 7, 2010 from http://www. abacon. com/woolfolk7/faq. html How to cite The â€Å"math wars†, Papers

Total rewards free essay sample

The article I chose is titled â€Å"How BMW successfully practices sustainable leadership principles†, and is nested in many of the concepts covered during the period of this course. The main premise focuses on how the BMW Corporation was able to build and incorporate a resilient leadership model that helped shape how the company most recently survived the economic downturn that started in 2008. The authors have developed a model called â€Å"honeybee† leadership that spreads 23 key principles built into a 4-tier pyramid. The base of the pyramid is comprised of 14 foundation practices; the second tier contains 6 higher-level practices that are a result of any combination of the foundational practices being applied; the third tier has 3 performance outcomes. When the company works toward problem solving, any outcome can be arrived at by applying the principles in combinations that help focus efforts and priorities of work. In the context of this article, focusing on these key principles allowed the company to post record profits in 2010 (the highest it has seen since the company was founded in 1916), while 2 main competitors-GM and Chrysler-fell into bankruptcy due to unsustainable business practices. We will write a custom essay sample on Total rewards or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To start, BMW only builds cars that have been ordered. This allows the company to flex its work force based on demand, and ultimately allowed the company to create 300 work-time patterns that offered flexibility for the workers as they saw fit. Additionally, as the world economy soured, the company was forced to cut overhead costs and reduce staffing but did so in a creative way; they offered early retirement packages, did not renew contracts with temporary workers and did not backfill vacant position positions. However, the company values its highly-skilled workforce, and in order to keep those individuals employed, they forged a collaboration with the German government that allowed the company to shift workers to a 4-day work week which BMW paid, while the German government paid 80% of wages for the 5th day, thus resulting in workers only losing 20% of 1 days pay. To focus on long-term planning, the company appointed a relatively young board of management team with the idea that they will grow and develop over time and forge a strong team that will carry relevant experience forward. BMW also invests heavily on employee training, and continued to do so through the recession. This in turn feeds the company succession plan, as the key motive is to develop young individuals who will eventually be promoted from within and trained in the key areas BMW feels necessary. Other concepts include many items from a total rewards strategy- benefits, paid sick and maternity time, annual bonuses, holiday bonuses, and even a profit-sharing plan. The company also relies heavily on self-managing teams, empowers each of its employees to make decisions that affect design, and encourages collaboration across departments. There is no point to argue here, as the proof of all the concepts taught in the course is practically in the company. They have established and built a culture that motivates employees to want to be a part of the company, as well as proving that a practical application of a total rewards program centered on managing their greatest asset-people-will foster success